15-11-2006, 00:40:36
28. Los perros no olieron ningún explosivo.
Tengo pendiente de terminar un artículo para colgar en mi Blog respecto a este asunto; me ha costado, pero he encontrado un trabajo publicado el 26 de Julio de 2004 por el American Institute of Physics (Volumen 75, Número 8 del Review of Scientific Instruments, páginas 2499 y siguientes). El trabajo es obra de D. S. Moore, del Laboratorio Nacional de Los Álamos, y lleva por título Instrumentation for trace detection of high explosives; aunque el artículo trata las diferentes técnicas analíticas, uno de los puntos trata sobre la detección de explosivos por parte de animales entrenados. Este es el texto en inglés (no lo he traducido todavía, pero creo que se entiende bien):
VI. TRAINED ANIMALS
Any review of instrumental trace explosive vapor detection methods would be remiss without inclusion of and comparison to trained animals. The canine nose is an extremely sensitive molecular sniffer, able to detect vapors at concentrations three to five orders of magnitude lower than those discernable by people. Dogs are also trainable to perform a specific action when a given material is detected. They are usually trained on specific explosive molecules rather than products so that exact formulations are unimportant. However, often, the particular molecule or mixture the dog actually detects is unknown, and could be an impurity or residual solvent rather than the explosive itself. Several recent studies have provided more information on odor signatures. No quantification results have been found in the literature. Trained animals are used as alarms rather than for quantification.
There are problems with use of trained dogs as detectors. They fatigue, their capabilities decline with time, and they suffer from changeable moods and show behavior variations. These difficulties have been extensively discussed in the literature.
Other animals, such as rats, have also been studied, but the training and reliability are questionable for dependable detection.
La bibliografía a la que se refiere este trabajo respecto a estudios anteriores es abundante y estoy intentando conseguirla para completar mi artículo; os la copio aquí por si a alguien le interesa:
* M. Williams, J. M. Johnston, L. P. Waggoner, J. Jackson, M. Jones, T. Boussom, S. F. Hallowell, and J. A. Petrousky, Second Explosives Detection Technology Symposium & Aviation Security Technology Conference, Atlantic City, NJ (1996), pp. 328–339.
* G. B. Biederman, in Advances in Analysis and Detection of Explosives, edited by J. Yinon (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1993), pp. 463–472.
* U. A. Luescher, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 203,1538 (1993).
* S. Lovett, First International Symposium on Explosive Detection Technology, Atlantic City, NJ (1991), pp. 774–775.
* J. W. Ternes, ibid., pp. 891–902.
* S. Weinstein, R. Drozdenko, and C. Weinstein, Third International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives, Mannheim-Neuostheim, Germany (1989), pp. 32.31–32.34.
* R. H. Wright, The Sense of Smell (CRC, Boca Raton, 1982),p.236.
* National Defense Magazine, June 2003, p. 8.
* M. Williams, J. M. Johnston, M. Cicoria, E. Paletz, L. P. Waggoner, C. C. Edge, and S. F. Hallowell, Proc. SPIE 3575, 291 (1998).
* N. Lorenzo, T. L. Wan, R. J. Harper, Y. L. Hsu, M. Chow, S. Rose, and K. G. Furton, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 376, 1212 (2003).
* K. G. Furton and L. J. Myers, Talanta 54,487 (2001).
Tengo pendiente de terminar un artículo para colgar en mi Blog respecto a este asunto; me ha costado, pero he encontrado un trabajo publicado el 26 de Julio de 2004 por el American Institute of Physics (Volumen 75, Número 8 del Review of Scientific Instruments, páginas 2499 y siguientes). El trabajo es obra de D. S. Moore, del Laboratorio Nacional de Los Álamos, y lleva por título Instrumentation for trace detection of high explosives; aunque el artículo trata las diferentes técnicas analíticas, uno de los puntos trata sobre la detección de explosivos por parte de animales entrenados. Este es el texto en inglés (no lo he traducido todavía, pero creo que se entiende bien):
VI. TRAINED ANIMALS
Any review of instrumental trace explosive vapor detection methods would be remiss without inclusion of and comparison to trained animals. The canine nose is an extremely sensitive molecular sniffer, able to detect vapors at concentrations three to five orders of magnitude lower than those discernable by people. Dogs are also trainable to perform a specific action when a given material is detected. They are usually trained on specific explosive molecules rather than products so that exact formulations are unimportant. However, often, the particular molecule or mixture the dog actually detects is unknown, and could be an impurity or residual solvent rather than the explosive itself. Several recent studies have provided more information on odor signatures. No quantification results have been found in the literature. Trained animals are used as alarms rather than for quantification.
There are problems with use of trained dogs as detectors. They fatigue, their capabilities decline with time, and they suffer from changeable moods and show behavior variations. These difficulties have been extensively discussed in the literature.
Other animals, such as rats, have also been studied, but the training and reliability are questionable for dependable detection.
La bibliografía a la que se refiere este trabajo respecto a estudios anteriores es abundante y estoy intentando conseguirla para completar mi artículo; os la copio aquí por si a alguien le interesa:
* M. Williams, J. M. Johnston, L. P. Waggoner, J. Jackson, M. Jones, T. Boussom, S. F. Hallowell, and J. A. Petrousky, Second Explosives Detection Technology Symposium & Aviation Security Technology Conference, Atlantic City, NJ (1996), pp. 328–339.
* G. B. Biederman, in Advances in Analysis and Detection of Explosives, edited by J. Yinon (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1993), pp. 463–472.
* U. A. Luescher, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 203,1538 (1993).
* S. Lovett, First International Symposium on Explosive Detection Technology, Atlantic City, NJ (1991), pp. 774–775.
* J. W. Ternes, ibid., pp. 891–902.
* S. Weinstein, R. Drozdenko, and C. Weinstein, Third International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives, Mannheim-Neuostheim, Germany (1989), pp. 32.31–32.34.
* R. H. Wright, The Sense of Smell (CRC, Boca Raton, 1982),p.236.
* National Defense Magazine, June 2003, p. 8.
* M. Williams, J. M. Johnston, M. Cicoria, E. Paletz, L. P. Waggoner, C. C. Edge, and S. F. Hallowell, Proc. SPIE 3575, 291 (1998).
* N. Lorenzo, T. L. Wan, R. J. Harper, Y. L. Hsu, M. Chow, S. Rose, and K. G. Furton, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 376, 1212 (2003).
* K. G. Furton and L. J. Myers, Talanta 54,487 (2001).