Regalo de Reyes tardío

[morenohijazo]

Por cierto, que tan inofensiva, no parece:

Hosts
Light brown apple moths feed on more than 120 genera of plants and thousands of species throughout the world (Venette et al. 2003, Espinosa and Hodges 2009). Some of the more economically important crops include:

Fruit Crops:

Actinidaceae: Actinidia sp. - kiwifruit
Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica - mango
Ebenaceae: Diospyros sp. - persimmon
Ericaceae: Vaccinium sp. - blueberries
Lauraceae: Persea americana - avocado
Musaceae: Musa paradisiaca - plantain
Rosaceae:
Fragaria sp. - strawberries
Malus domestica - apples
Prunus spp. - apricot, plum, peach
Pyrus sp. - pear
Rubus sp. - raspberry
Rutaceae: Citrus spp. - citrus
Vitaceae: Vitis sp. - grapes
Vegetables
Brassicaceae: Brassica sp. - cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower
Poaceae: Zea mays - corn
Solanaceae:
Capsicum sp. - peppers
Solanum lycopersicum - tomatoes
Ornamentals and Trees
Adoxaceae: Viburnum sp.
Apocynaceae: Vinca sp.
Araliaceae: Hedera sp. - ivy
Asteraceae:
Chrysanthemum sp. - mums
Dahlia sp.
Gerbera sp.
Betulaceae: Alnus sp. - alder
Fagaceae: Quercus sp. - oak
Juglandaceae: Juglans sp. - walnut
Lamiaceae: Salvia sp.
Oleaceae: Jasminum sp. - jasmine
Rosaceae: Rosa sp. - roses
Salicaceae:
Salix sp. - willows
Populus sp.- poplars, cottonwood
Theaceae: Camellia sp.

Damage
The larvae construct "leaf rolls", or nests, which damage the leaves, surfaces of the fruits, and sometimes tunnel into the flesh of the fruit itself (Danthanarayana 1975). The immatures feed on and damage seedlings, ornamental plants, deciduous fruit-tree crops, and fruits such as grapes and citrus (Geier and Briese 1981). By feeding on the buds and leaves, the caterpillars reduce the rate of photosynthesis, disfigure the host plant, reduce growth rate, and leave the fruit unmarketable (Irvin 2009). Infestations in grapevines can cost thousands of dollars per hectare if left unchecked. The larvae can destroy the leaves of the vines as well as mature grapes and lead to opportunistic growth and damage caused by Botrytis cinerea grey mold (Bailey et al. 1996, Nair 1985).



Economic Importance
A USDA quantitative analysis estimated that light brown apple moths could cause upwards of $118 million in damages in high-risk areas, affecting not only the apple, grape, orange and pear crops of the country, but also to nursery stock due to widespread international and domestic trade restrictions (USDA-APHIS-PPQ 2009). This same analysis predicted that the West Coast, southwestern and southeastern states were at the highest risk for agricultural impact, suggesting that 58% of the apple crop, 97% of the grape crop, 100% of oranges, and 73% of pears are at risk for infestation. From these estimates, it is anticipated that economic loss for oranges would reach 43%, grapes: 30%, apples: 22%, and pears: 5%. Because the pests can produce four or five generations in one season in California, a single outbreak is projected to increase dramatically if left unchecked. Currently, incalculable damage to trade and export markets has already occurred. Several importing countries, including Canada, Chile and Mexico, have enacted restrictions on crops from infested counties.

Millions of dollars have already been used to prevent the spread of the pest. The USDA already allocated $15 million to use for eradication of the pest from California in 2007 and another $74.5 million for 2008 (Irvin 2009), and the program is anticipated to continue until 2015. Ken Corbishley, the Santa Cruz County agriculture commissioner, estimated that costs for farmers can reach between $500 and $800 an acre for chemical treatment (Jones 2009).

Pregunta demagógica al canto: ¿Dejaría la Sra Moret que uno de sus hijos se comiera una manzana, o un mango con "sorpresa"?